Enzyme Classification

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What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?
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Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
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What are the six main classes of enzymes according to the EC system?
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The six classes are oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
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What does the EC number system consist of?
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The EC number is a numeric classification scheme; it includes four digits that categorize enzymes based on their reaction mechanisms.
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Which class of enzymes catalyzes redox reactions?
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Oxidoreductases catalyze redox reactions.
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What is the role of transferases in enzymatic reactions?
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Transferases catalyze the transfer of functional groups between molecules.
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How do hydrolases operate in biochemical processes?
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Hydrolases catalyze the cleavage of bonds through the addition of water.
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What is a specific example of a hydrolase enzyme?
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An example of a hydrolase is amylase, which breaks down starch into sugars.
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Which enzyme class is responsible for breaking bonds without using water?
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Lyases are responsible for breaking bonds without using water or redox reactions.
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What is the function of isomerases?
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Isomerases catalyze the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule to form isomers.
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Can you name an example of a ligase and its function?
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DNA ligase is an example that joins DNA strands together by forming phosphodiester bonds.
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In which intracellular structure are many enzymes organized?
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Many enzymes are organized within mitochondria.
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What role do cofactors play in enzyme activity?
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Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions.
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What is an enzyme's active site?
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The active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?
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Temperature and pH influence enzyme activity by affecting the enzyme's shape and the reaction rate.
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What is enzyme inhibition?
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Enzyme inhibition is the process by which a molecule decreases or halts the activity of an enzyme.
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