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What is enzyme specificity?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a specific substrate among many substrates.
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What are the types of enzyme specificity?
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The main types of enzyme specificity are absolute, group, linkage, and stereochemical specificity.
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What role does the active site play in enzyme specificity?
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The active site of an enzyme is where substrate binding occurs, and it determines the enzyme's specificity due to its unique shape and chemical environment.
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How does the 'lock and key' model explain enzyme specificity?
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The 'lock and key' model describes enzyme specificity as the enzyme (lock) having a specific shape that only the substrate (key) can fit into.
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What is the role of induced fit in enzyme specificity?
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Induced fit describes the change in the shape of the enzyme's active site upon substrate binding, enhancing the specificity and catalytic efficiency.
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What is an example of absolute enzyme specificity?
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Absolute specificity is when an enzyme acts on only one substrate. For instance, urease acts specifically on urea.
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Can you explain group specificity with an example?
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Group specificity occurs when an enzyme acts on a group of related substrates. For example, hexokinase acts on glucose, fructose, and other six-carbon sugars.
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What is linkage specificity in enzymes?
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Linkage specificity refers to enzymes acting on specific types of chemical bonds, regardless of other structural portions of the molecule.
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How does stereochemical specificity affect enzyme function?
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Stereochemical specificity means the enzyme acts on substrates with a specific orientation or spatial arrangement, often regarding isomers.
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Why is enzyme specificity important for metabolism?
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Enzyme specificity is important for metabolism because it ensures precise regulation and coordination of biochemical reactions, maintaining cellular function.
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What factors can affect enzyme specificity?
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Factors that affect enzyme specificity include pH, temperature, presence of inhibitors or activators, and mutations in the enzyme's structure.
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How can enzymes be engineered to have different specificities?
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Enzyme engineering can alter an enzyme's specificity by modifying its active site through techniques like site-directed mutagenesis.
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What is an allosteric site, and how does it relate to enzyme specificity?
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An allosteric site is a spot other than the active site where molecules can bind, changing the enzyme's shape and function, affecting specificity.
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What is competitive inhibition in the context of enzyme specificity?
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Competitive inhibition occurs when a molecule similar to the substrate competes for binding at the enzyme's active site, impacting specificity.
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How does temperature influence enzyme specificity?
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Temperature can influence enzyme specificity by altering the enzyme's shape, potentially affecting substrate binding at the active site.
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