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What are enzymes?
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
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How do enzymes work?
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Enzymes lower the activation energy for a reaction, allowing the reactants to change into products more efficiently.
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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The active site is the specific region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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What is meant by enzyme specificity?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze only one specific substrate or a type of reaction.
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What are substrates in enzyme reactions?
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Substrates are the molecules that an enzyme acts upon during a chemical reaction.
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How can temperature affect enzyme activity?
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Temperature affects enzyme activity by influencing the kinetic energy of molecules. High temperatures may denature enzymes, and low temperatures can slow down reactions.
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What role do pH levels play in enzyme function?
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Each enzyme has an optimal pH range. Deviations from this range can denature the enzyme or affect its activity and efficiency.
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What is enzyme inhibition?
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Enzyme inhibition is the process by which a molecule decreases or stops the activity of an enzyme, either reversibly or irreversibly.
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Differentiate between competitive and non-competitive inhibition.
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Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, while non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, altering enzyme activity.
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What is the role of enzymes in metabolism?
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Enzymes catalyze all metabolic reactions, enabling cells to convert molecules to different products and transfer energy.
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How do cofactors affect enzyme activity?
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Cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds that bind to an enzyme and are essential for its activity, often aiding in the catalytic process.
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What is an example of an enzyme and its function?
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An example is amylase, an enzyme that helps in the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into sugars.
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What is the lock and key model of enzyme action?
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The lock and key model suggests that the enzyme's active site is a perfect match for the substrate, fitting together precisely like a key in a lock.
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What is the induced fit model of enzyme action?
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The induced fit model proposes that the active site of the enzyme molds itself around the substrate as it binds, allowing a more snug fit.
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Can enzymes be reused?
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Yes, enzymes can be reused multiple times as they are not consumed during the reaction they catalyze.
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