Enzymes in Digestion

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What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
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Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that break down food molecules into absorbable nutrients.
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Where do enzymes act in the digestive system?
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Enzymes act in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?
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Amylase, which is present in saliva, breaks down carbohydrates.
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What is the function of pepsin in digestion?
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Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach.
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Which enzyme breaks down fats?
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Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
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How do enzymes contribute to the absorption of nutrients?
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Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller ones, allowing them to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
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What enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for protein digestion?
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Trypsin is secreted by the pancreas to digest proteins.
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Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity in digestion.
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Enzyme activity increases with temperature up to a point; extreme temperatures can denature enzymes and halt their function.
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Which enzyme converts lactose into glucose and galactose?
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Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
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What is the significance of enzyme specificity?
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Enzymes are specific to their substrates, meaning each enzyme only catalyzes a specific reaction.
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How does pH affect enzyme activity in the digestive system?
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Each enzyme has an optimal pH range; deviations can decrease activity or denature the enzyme.
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What role do enzymes play in the small intestine?
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Enzymes in the small intestine further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into absorbable units.
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Identify an enzyme that functions in the stomach and its substrate.
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Pepsin functions in the stomach and its substrate is proteins.
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Why are enzymes important for efficient digestion?
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Without enzymes, digestion would be too slow to meet the body's nutritional needs.
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What is the role of bile in enzyme activity?
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Bile emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area for lipase to act on and aiding in fat digestion.
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