Fertilization Process

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What is fertilization?
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Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell merges with an egg cell to form a zygote.
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Where does fertilization occur in humans?
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Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.
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What are gametes and their roles in fertilization?
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Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg) that carry genetic information and combine to form a zygote.
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How does the sperm reach the egg during fertilization?
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Sperm travel through the female reproductive tract to reach the fallopian tubes where the egg resides.
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What is the acrosome reaction?
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The acrosome reaction is when the sperm releases enzymes to penetrate the egg's outer layers.
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What occurs if two sperm fertilize an egg?
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If two sperm fertilize an egg, it results in a nonviable condition called polyspermy.
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What is the zona pellucida?
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The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the egg cell, essential for sperm binding and preventing polyspermy.
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What changes occur in the egg once fertilization is successful?
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After fertilization, the egg undergoes changes to prevent additional sperm entry and begins cell division.
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What is a zygote?
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A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gametes merge during fertilization.
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How does fertilization differ in plants?
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In plants, fertilization involves pollen transferring and merging with ovules within the ovary.
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What role do mitochondria play in fertilization?
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Mitochondria provide energy for the sperm's journey to fertilize the egg.
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What mechanisms prevent polyspermy?
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The fertilized egg undergoes the cortical reaction to prevent multiple sperm from entering.
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What is the role of enzymes in fertilization?
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Enzymes help sperm penetrate the egg's protective layers during fertilization.
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How does fertilization contribute to genetic diversity?
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Fertilization mixes genetic material from two parents, contributing to genetic diversity.
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What is the significance of syngamy in fertilization?
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Syngamy is the fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, crucial for forming a zygote.
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