Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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What event marked the formal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania?
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The Union of Lublin in 1569.
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Prior to the Union of Lublin, how were Poland and Lithuania associated?
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They were linked by a personal union under a common monarch.
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What type of political entity was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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A confederate state with a unique system of dual statehood.
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What were the main motivations for the Union of Lublin?
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Defense against external threats, internal political stability, and economic benefits.
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What was the system of government called that characterized the Commonwealth?
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The elective monarchy and the parliamentary system called the Sejm.
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Who was the first elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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Henry of Valois, also known as Henry III of France.
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What was a significant challenge faced by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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Noble democracy which often led to political fragmentation and inefficiencies.
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How did the Union of Lublin impact the nobility?
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The nobility gained extensive privileges and political power.
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What was the effect of the Union of Lublin on Lithuania's territory?
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Some Lithuanian territories were annexed to the Kingdom of Poland.
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What role did religion play in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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It was relatively tolerant and allowed multiple Christian denominations to coexist.
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How long did the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth last before its final partitions?
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Until 1795, when it was partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
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What significant legal document was adopted in the Commonwealth in 1573?
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The Henrician Articles, establishing constitutional principles for governance.
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What was the 'liberum veto' in the Commonwealth's political system?
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A practice allowing any member of the parliament to stop legislation by objecting, requiring unanimity.
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Which battle marked the beginning of the Commonwealth's military decline?
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The Battle of Cecora against the Ottoman Empire in 1620.
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What modern countries were part of the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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Parts of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and Russia.
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