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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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The active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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How do substrates interact with the active site?
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Substrates bind to the active site through weak interactions like hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and van der Waals forces.
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What role do active sites play in catalysis?
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Active sites lower the activation energy of a reaction, making it easier and faster for the reaction to occur.
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Why is the shape of the active site important?
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The active site’s shape is critical because it determines the enzyme’s specificity and ability to bind to specific substrates.
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What is a cofactor, and how does it relate to the active site?
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A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that binds to the active site and is essential for the enzyme's activity.
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How do competitive inhibitors affect enzyme activity?
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Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for binding at the active site, reducing the enzyme's activity.
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What is the induced fit model?
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The induced fit model suggests that enzyme active sites are flexible, and they adjust to fit the substrate more snugly upon binding.
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How does temperature affect the active site of an enzyme?
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An increase in temperature can enhance enzyme activity up to an optimal point, beyond which the enzyme, including its active site, may denature.
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What is the function of an active site's microenvironment?
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The microenvironment helps stabilize the transition state and provides conditions that favor the chemical transformation of the substrate.
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How does pH influence enzyme active sites?
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pH can affect the ionization state of the amino acids in the active site, impacting enzyme activity and substrate binding.
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What is allosteric regulation in enzymes?
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Allosteric regulation involves molecules binding to sites other than the active site, causing changes that affect enzyme activity.
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Can the active site function despite mutations?
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Mutations in active site regions can significantly impact enzyme function, potentially reducing or eliminating enzyme activity.
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Why are active sites often conserved across species?
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Active sites are often conserved because they play essential roles in catalysis and substrate binding, critical for enzyme function.
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What is enzyme specificity, and how is it related to the active site?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select only a few substrates from a group of related compounds, due to the unique shape of its active site.
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Describe the difference between an active site and a binding site.
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The active site is a specific region where catalysis occurs, while a binding site may not necessarily facilitate a reaction, only binding substrates or regulators.
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