Gametes and Fertilization

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What are gametes?
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Gametes are reproductive cells that unite during sexual reproduction. In humans, the male gamete is sperm, and the female gamete is an egg or ovum.
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What is fertilization in biological terms?
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Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell joins with an egg cell to form a zygote.
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Where does fertilization typically occur in humans?
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Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes.
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What is the main purpose of fertilization?
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The main purpose of fertilization is to combine genetic material from two parents to form a genetically unique offspring.
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What happens to the sperm once it enters the female reproductive system?
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The sperm travels through the cervix and uterus to reach the fallopian tube, where it may encounter the egg.
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Describe the structure of a sperm cell.
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A sperm cell has a head that contains genetic material (DNA), a midsection packed with energy-producing mitochondria, and a tail for movement.
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What is a zygote?
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A zygote is the cell formed when a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) unite. It is the first stage in the development of a new individual.
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What changes occur to the egg’s membrane after fertilization?
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After fertilization, the egg’s membrane changes to prevent any more sperm from entering.
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What role does the acrosome play in fertilization?
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The acrosome is a part of the sperm that releases enzymes to help penetrate the egg’s outer layer.
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Why is genetic diversity important in sexual reproduction?
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Genetic diversity is important because it increases the chances of survival in changing environments and reduces the risk of genetic disorders.
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How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?
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A human gamete contains 23 chromosomes.
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What happens after a sperm successfully fertilizes an egg?
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After fertilization, the zygote begins to divide through mitosis, eventually forming a multicellular organism.
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What is the difference between internal and external fertilization?
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Internal fertilization occurs inside the body, while external fertilization occurs outside the body, such as in water environments.
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How do identical twins form?
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Identical twins form when a single zygote splits and develops into two embryos.
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What does the term 'haploid' mean?
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Haploid refers to a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes, typical of gametes.
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