Tap or click on cards to flip them and reveal the answers. You can use arrow keys as well.
Loading folders...
1/15 cards
What is gene expression regulation?
Click to flip
Gene expression regulation is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule, controlling when and how much of a gene's product is synthesized.
Click to flip
What are transcription factors?
Click to flip
Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes on or off by binding to nearby DNA. They control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
Click to flip
How does the operon model explain gene regulation in prokaryotes?
Click to flip
The operon model describes how a single promoter controls multiple genes in prokaryotes, allowing genes with related functions to be transcribed together. This model is exemplified by the lac operon in E. coli.
Click to flip
What is epigenetics?
Click to flip
Epigenetics involves changes in gene activity without altering the DNA sequence, often through chemical modifications like DNA methylation or histone modification.
Click to flip
What role does RNA interference play in gene regulation?
Click to flip
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
Click to flip
What is a promoter in terms of gene expression?
Click to flip
A promoter is a DNA sequence that acts as a binding site for RNA polymerase and other proteins needed to begin transcription.
Click to flip
How does chromatin structure affect gene expression?
Click to flip
Chromatin structure affects gene expression by determining the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery. Tightly packed chromatin (heterochromatin) is generally transcriptionally inactive.
Click to flip
What is the role of enhancers in gene expression?
Click to flip
Enhancers are DNA sequences that enhance the transcription of an associated gene by providing binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins.
Click to flip
How does alternative splicing regulate gene expression?
Click to flip
Alternative splicing is the process by which different combinations of exons are joined together to produce multiple mRNA variants from a single gene.
Click to flip
In what ways can post-translational modifications regulate gene expression?
Click to flip
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation can regulate gene expression by altering protein stability, activity, localization, or interaction with other proteins.
Click to flip
What is meant by differential gene expression in development?
Click to flip
Differential gene expression refers to the process by which cells in a multicellular organism become specialized to perform distinct functions by expressing different sets of genes.
Click to flip
How do microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression?
Click to flip
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences on target mRNAs, leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation.
Click to flip
What is the function of repressors in gene regulation?
Click to flip
Repressors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and inhibit the transcription of nearby genes.
Click to flip
How does hormone signaling influence gene expression?
Click to flip
Hormones can influence gene expression by binding to intracellular receptors that function as transcription factors or by triggering signaling cascades that result in changes in gene expression.
Click to flip
What impact do mutations in regulatory regions have on gene expression?
Click to flip
Mutations in regulatory regions can lead to altered gene expression levels, timing, or location, which may result in developmental abnormalities or contribute to diseases like cancer.
Click to flip
Need More Study Materials?
Go back to the chat to generate additional resources.