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What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
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The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell and provides protection and structure.
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What is the role of mitochondria within the cell?
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Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
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What happens during the interphase of the cell cycle?
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During interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.
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How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis and what is their genetic composition?
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Mitosis produces two daughter cells, each genetically identical to the parent cell.
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
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Meiosis introduces genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment, leading to unique combinations of genes in gametes.
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Name the four main types of tissues in the human body.
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The four main types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
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What is the function of epithelial tissue?
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Epithelial tissue forms a protective barrier on body surfaces and lines cavities, organs, and glands.
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Describe one function of connective tissue.
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Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, providing structure and protection to the body.
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What is the main function of the nervous system?
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The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different body parts.
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How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together?
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The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood, and the circulatory system transports oxygenated blood to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
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Define fertilization in the context of reproduction in animals.
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Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell from a male and an egg cell from a female combine to form a zygote.
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What is the main reproductive structure in flowering plants?
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The flower is the main reproductive structure in flowering plants, containing male (stamens) and female (pistils) organs.
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Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction.
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Sexual reproduction involves two parents and the combination of their genetic material, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
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How do plants typically reproduce asexually?
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Plants can reproduce asexually through methods like budding, vegetative propagation, and spore formation.
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What role do hormones play in cellular communication?
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Hormones act as signaling molecules that regulate physiological processes by binding to receptors on target cells.
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Name two types of cell signaling.
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Two types of cell signaling are autocrine signaling, where cells respond to signals they produce, and paracrine signaling, where cells communicate with nearby cells.
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What is the purpose of cell signaling in the immune system?
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Cell signaling in the immune system helps coordinate the response to pathogens and regulate immune activity.
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Which organ system regulates homeostasis and how?
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The endocrine system regulates homeostasis by releasing hormones that control body functions like metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
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Explain the role of ribosomes in a cell.
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Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating genetic information from mRNA to build proteins necessary for cell functions.
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What is apoptosis, and why is it important for cellular health?
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Apoptosis is programmed cell death, crucial for removing damaged or unnecessary cells, maintaining healthy tissue balance.
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