Grade 10 Biology: Plant Biology

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What process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?
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Photosynthesis.
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In which part of the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
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The leaves.
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What are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyll.
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Which gas is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis?
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Carbon dioxide (CO2).
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What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
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The light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
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What is the main function of the plant's roots?
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To anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
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Which part of the plant acts as a transport system for water, nutrients, and sugars?
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The vascular system, consisting of xylem and phloem.
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What is transpiration?
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The process by which water evaporates from the leaves, pulling water upward from the roots through the xylem.
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How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?
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By responding to light, carbon dioxide levels, and humidity, causing them to swell or shrink.
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What is the main function of the plant’s leaf?
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To carry out photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration.
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What role do plant hormones play in plant growth and development?
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They regulate processes like growth, flowering, fruit development, and responses to stresses.
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What is the process by which plants create glucose and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide?
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Photosynthesis.
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What is the primary purpose of flowers in plants?
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Reproduction. Flowers facilitate the union of male and female gametes.
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What is germination?
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The process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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To carry out photosynthesis by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy.
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What is the difference between a taproot system and a fibrous root system?
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A taproot system has one main root that grows deep into the soil, while a fibrous root system has many small roots spread out.
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How do phloem and xylem differ in their functions?
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Xylem transports water and minerals upwards from the roots, while phloem distributes sugars from photosynthesis throughout the plant.
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Which type of reproduction involves the production of seeds within fruits?
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Sexual reproduction.
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What are stomata, and why are they important?
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Stomata are small openings on leaves that allow gas exchange; they are crucial for photosynthesis and respiration.
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How do plants adapt to survive in dry environments?
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They may have adaptations like thick cuticles, reduced leaf area, water storage tissues, and deep root systems to conserve water.
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