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What period does the Industrial Revolution cover?
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The Industrial Revolution primarily occurred between the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
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Which industry was the first to undergo major changes during the Industrial Revolution?
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The textile industry.
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What was the significance of James Watt's invention during the Industrial Revolution?
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James Watt improved the steam engine, which became a key power source for factories, transportation, and the Industrial Revolution overall.
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Name one negative social impact of the Industrial Revolution.
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Poor working conditions in factories, including long hours, low wages, and child labor.
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What was the Opium War?
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A conflict between China and Britain from 1839 to 1842, over trade imbalances and the opium trade.
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What was the result of the Treaty of Nanking?
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The Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong to Britain, among other concessions.
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Which innovation in transportation was crucial during the Industrial Revolution?
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The development of the locomotive and railways.
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How did the cotton gin impact the Industrial Revolution?
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Invented by Eli Whitney, it greatly increased the efficiency of cotton processing, boosting the textile industry.
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What is one reason the Opium War began?
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Britain was exporting opium to China in large quantities, leading to widespread addiction and resistance from the Chinese government.
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Who was Karl Marx and what did he contribute to the period?
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Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist who critiqued the Industrial Revolution and proposed communism as an alternative system in his work 'The Communist Manifesto'.
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What role did the steam engine play in the Industrial Revolution?
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It provided a new source of power, leading to mechanization and increased productivity in industries.
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What was a key innovation in agriculture during the Industrial Revolution?
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The invention of the mechanical reaper, which increased farming efficiency.
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Describe a social change caused by the Industrial Revolution.
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Urbanization increased as people moved to cities to work in factories.
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What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on transportation?
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It led to the development of the railway system and steamships, facilitating faster and more efficient movement of goods and people.
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Why is Thomas Edison considered an innovator from this period?
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He invented the practical electric light bulb and developed systems for electrical power generation and distribution.
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How did the telegraph change communication during the Industrial Revolution?
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The telegraph allowed for instant communication over long distances, revolutionizing business and personal communication.
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In what way did the First Opium War affect China's trade policies?
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It led to the opening of several Chinese ports to British trade under the Treaty of Nanking.
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Who is considered a pioneer of the Industrial Revolution in the steel industry?
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Henry Bessemer, who developed a more efficient process for producing steel, known as the Bessemer process.
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What was the primary trade imbalance issue between Britain and China before the Opium War?
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Britain was importing more goods from China (like tea and silk) than it was exporting, which it attempted to balance with opium sales.
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Identify one developer of transportation infrastructure important in the Industrial Revolution.
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George Stephenson, who built the first public inter-city railway line using steam locomotives, known as the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.
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