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What are natural materials?
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Natural materials are substances that occur naturally, such as wood, stone, and water.
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What are man-made materials?
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Man-made materials are substances created by humans through industrial processes, like plastic, glass, and steel.
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What is an atom?
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An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
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How are elements organized in the periodic table?
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Elements are organized in the periodic table by increasing atomic number, in rows called periods and columns called groups.
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What is a compound?
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A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
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How is a mixture different from a compound?
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A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded, whereas a compound has substances that are chemically bonded.
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What is solubility?
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Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, such as salt in water.
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What defines a solution?
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A solution is a homogeneous mixture where a solute is completely dissolved in a solvent.
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What are acids?
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Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water and generally have a pH less than 7.
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What are bases?
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Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water and usually have a pH greater than 7.
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Describe the carbon cycle.
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The carbon cycle is the process where carbon atoms continuously travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and back through various processes like photosynthesis and respiration.
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What causes acid rain?
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Acid rain is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which combine with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
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What is neutralization?
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Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.
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What is the purpose of using litmus paper?
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Litmus paper is used to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus turns red in acidic conditions, while red litmus turns blue in a basic environment.
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How can human activities lead to increased CO₂ levels?
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Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation increase CO₂ levels, contributing to global warming.
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What is the significance of the first 20 elements of the periodic table?
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The first 20 elements are fundamental building blocks of matter, often used to teach basic chemical concepts and relationships in the periodic table.
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How does solubility vary with temperature?
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In most cases, the solubility of solids in liquids increases with an increase in temperature, but gases become less soluble as temperature rises.
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What is the urban heat island effect?
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The urban heat island effect is the phenomenon where urban areas become warmer than their rural surroundings due to human activities and modifications.
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What is the role of a balanced diet?
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A balanced diet provides essential nutrients required for good health and proper functioning of the body at their correct proportions.
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What are the typical effects of acid rain?
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Acid rain can harm ecosystems by acidifying water bodies, damaging forests, and corroding man-made structures.
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