Introduction to Acids

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What is an acid?
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An acid is a substance that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons.
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What are common properties of acids?
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Acids typically taste sour, turn blue litmus paper red, and react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
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What is the pH range for acids?
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The pH range for acids is 0 to less than 7.
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Name three common acids found in the household.
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Three common household acids are vinegar (acetic acid), lemon juice (citric acid), and stomach acid (hydrochloric acid).
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What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
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The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is HCl.
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How do acids behave in water?
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In water, acids dissociate to release hydrogen ions (H+).
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What happens when acids react with bases?
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When acids react with bases, they undergo neutralization, producing water and a salt.
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What is a strong acid?
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A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water, releasing all its hydrogen ions.
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Why are acids considered corrosive?
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Acids are corrosive because they can donate protons, which can disrupt chemical bonds in materials.
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What is the pH of pure water?
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The pH of pure water is 7, which is neutral.
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What is an example of a strong acid used in industry?
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Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an example of a strong acid used in industry.
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What is an indicator used for measuring pH?
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Litmus paper is a common indicator used to measure pH, as well as pH meters and universal indicator solutions.
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What is an organic acid?
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Organic acids are acids that contain carbon, such as acetic acid (vinegar) and citric acid.
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How is acidity measured?
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Acidity is measured using the pH scale, where lower pH indicates higher acidity.
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What is the role of acids in the human stomach?
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Acids in the stomach, particularly hydrochloric acid, aid in digestion and kill harmful bacteria.
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