Introduction to Antimicrobials

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What are antimicrobials?
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Antimicrobials are agents that kill microorganisms or stop their growth.
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What are the two main types of antimicrobials?
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Antibiotics, which target bacteria, and antifungals, which target fungi.
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What is an antibiotic?
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An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial specifically used to treat bacterial infections.
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Why are antifungals important?
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Antifungals are important for treating infections caused by fungi, which can be serious if left untreated.
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Can antimicrobials target viruses?
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No, antimicrobials like antibiotics do not target viruses; antivirals are necessary for viral infections.
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What is meant by 'antimicrobial resistance'?
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Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of antimicrobials meant to kill them.
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How do antimicrobials work?
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Antimicrobials work by disrupting essential processes such as cell wall synthesis or protein synthesis in microorganisms.
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Why is it important to use antimicrobials responsibly?
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Responsible use is important to prevent the development and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms.
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What is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial?
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A broad-spectrum antimicrobial is one that is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
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What is a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial?
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A narrow-spectrum antimicrobial targets specific types of microorganisms.
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What role does an antimicrobial stewardship program have in healthcare?
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It promotes the responsible use of antimicrobials to improve patient outcomes and reduce resistance.
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Name a common natural source of antimicrobials.
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Penicillium mold, which naturally produces penicillin, an early antibiotic.
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What is the purpose of using antiseptics?
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Antiseptics are used to reduce or eliminate microorganisms on living tissues, like skin.
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What is the difference between disinfectants and antiseptics?
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Disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces to kill microorganisms, while antiseptics are used on living tissues.
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What is an example of antimicrobial use in agriculture?
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Antimicrobials are sometimes used in livestock to prevent disease and promote growth.
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