Tap or click on cards to flip them and reveal the answers. You can use arrow keys as well.
Loading folders...
1/15 cards
What is biopharmaceutics?
Click to flip
Biopharmaceutics is the study of how the physical and chemical properties of drugs and their dosage forms affect the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Click to flip
Why is bioavailability important in biopharmaceutics?
Click to flip
Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which the active drug ingredient is absorbed and becomes available at the site of action.
Click to flip
What role does solubility play in biopharmaceutics?
Click to flip
Solubility affects a drug's absorption rate; poor solubility can lead to inadequate drug concentrations in the bloodstream irrespective of dosage increases.
Click to flip
How does particle size influence drug absorption?
Click to flip
Smaller particles have a larger surface area to volume ratio, enhancing dissolution and thus increasing the absorption rate.
Click to flip
What is the significance of the first-pass effect?
Click to flip
The first-pass effect refers to the reduction in bioavailability of a drug as it passes through the liver where it is metabolized before reaching systemic circulation.
Click to flip
Describe the difference between immediate-release and controlled-release formulations.
Click to flip
Immediate-release formulations dissolve quickly, releasing the active drug immediately, whereas controlled-release formulations release the drug over a prolonged period.
Click to flip
How does pH affect drug absorption?
Click to flip
The pH of the surrounding environment can affect the ionization state of a drug, influencing its solubility and permeability through biological membranes.
Click to flip
What factors influence drug distribution within the body?
Click to flip
Drug distribution is affected by factors such as blood flow to tissues, drug affinity to tissue proteins, and the presence of barriers (e.g., blood-brain barrier).
Click to flip
Define 'therapeutic window' in the context of biopharmaceutics.
Click to flip
The therapeutic window is the range of drug dosages which can treat disease effectively while staying within the safety limit (below the threshold of toxicity).
Click to flip
What is 'drug half-life' and why is it important?
Click to flip
The drug half-life is the time required for the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half, essential for determining dosing frequency.
Click to flip
How do prodrugs differ from active drugs in biopharmaceutics?
Click to flip
Prodrugs are inactive compounds that convert into an active form within the body, enhancing bioavailability and targeted delivery.
Click to flip
Discuss the impact of drug-food interactions.
Click to flip
Food can affect drug absorption, leading to either increased or decreased drug bioavailability due to changes in gastric pH, motility, or enzyme activity.
Click to flip
What is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)?
Click to flip
TDM is the clinical practice of measuring drug levels in the blood at designated intervals to maintain a drug’s therapeutic effects without causing toxicity.
Click to flip
How does genetic variability affect drug metabolism?
Click to flip
Genetic variability can lead to differences in enzyme activity involved in drug metabolism, resulting in variations in drug efficacy and safety among individuals.
Click to flip
Explain the concept of 'bioequivalence'.
Click to flip
Bioequivalence means that two drug products release their active ingredients into the bloodstream at the same rate and extent.
Click to flip
Need More Study Materials?
Go back to the chat to generate additional resources.