Introduction to Enzymes

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What is the main function of enzymes?
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Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed.
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How do enzymes affect activation energy in reactions?
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Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions, making it easier for the reaction to occur.
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What is a substrate in enzymatic reactions?
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A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
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What is meant by enzyme specificity?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and act on a specific substrate.
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
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What factors can affect enzyme activity?
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Factors such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration can affect enzyme activity.
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What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
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When an enzyme is denatured, its structure is altered, and it loses functionality.
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How is enzyme activity measured?
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Enzyme activity is often measured by the rate at which substrate is converted to product.
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What is meant by 'enzyme-substrate complex'?
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It is the intermediate formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme.
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What is an inhibitor in enzyme activity?
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An inhibitor is a molecule that decreases enzyme activity by blocking the active site or changing the enzyme's shape.
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What is competitive inhibition?
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Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.
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What is non-competitive inhibition?
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Non-competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and activity.
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What role do cofactors play in enzymatic reactions?
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Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes during the catalysis of reactions.
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What is the induced-fit model of enzyme action?
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The induced-fit model suggests that enzyme active sites are flexible and change shape to fit the substrate more snugly as it binds.
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What is the significance of enzyme regulation in the body?
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Enzyme regulation is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and allows for control over metabolic pathways.
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