Introduction to Enzymes

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What is an enzyme?
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An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
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How do enzymes work to speed up chemical reactions?
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Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction, allowing it to occur faster.
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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The active site is the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs.
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What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
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The enzyme-substrate complex is formed when the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme.
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What is a coenzyme?
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A coenzyme is a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
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What factors can affect enzyme activity?
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Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration can affect enzyme activity.
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What is enzyme specificity?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the tendency of enzymes to catalyze a specific set of chemical reactions or to act on a specific substrate.
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How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
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Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature to a point, but high temperatures can denature the enzyme, reducing its activity.
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What is enzyme denaturation?
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Enzyme denaturation is the process where the enzyme's structure is disrupted, leading to a loss of activity.
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What is an inhibitor in enzyme activity?
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An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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What are competitive inhibitors?
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Competitive inhibitors are molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding.
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What are non-competitive inhibitors?
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Non-competitive inhibitors bind to an enzyme at a different site than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing its activity.
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Why are enzymes important in biology?
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Enzymes are important because they facilitate and speed up the biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms.
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What is the lock and key model?
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The lock and key model suggests that the enzyme's active site is the exact fit for a specific substrate, like a key fitting into a lock.
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What is the induced fit model?
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The induced fit model proposes that the active site of an enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate binding.
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