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What are enzymes?
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.
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What is the primary role of enzymes in the body?
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The primary role of enzymes is to speed up metabolic processes and chemical reactions within cells, aiding in digestion, respiration, and many other bodily functions.
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What is an active site?
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An active site is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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What is the substrate in enzyme activity?
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The substrate is the substance upon which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
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How do enzymes lower activation energy?
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Enzymes lower activation energy by binding to the substrate and stabilizing the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to occur.
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What effect do enzymes have on the rate of a chemical reaction?
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Enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
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Can enzymes be reused?
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Yes, enzymes can be reused multiple times because they are not consumed by the reaction they catalyze.
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What is enzyme specificity?
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Enzyme specificity is the concept that each enzyme catalyzes only one specific type or group of closely related reactions.
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How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
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As temperature increases, enzyme activity generally increases until the enzyme is denatured by excessive heat. Optimal temperature varies for different enzymes.
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How does pH affect enzyme activity?
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Enzymes have an optimal pH range in which they function best. Deviations from this range can reduce enzyme activity or denature the enzyme.
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What is an enzyme-cofactor?
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An enzyme-cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the enzyme's activity as a catalyst.
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What is enzyme inhibition?
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Enzyme inhibition is the process in which a molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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What are competitive inhibitors?
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Competitive inhibitors are substances that bind to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and reducing enzyme activity.
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What are non-competitive inhibitors?
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Non-competitive inhibitors bind to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme's shape and function, which reduces its activity.
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Why are enzymes important in biotechnology?
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Enzymes are important in biotechnology for their ability to catalyze specific reactions, which can be used in processes like fermentation, waste management, and pharmaceuticals.
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