Introduction to Enzymes

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What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
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Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
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What is an active site of an enzyme?
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The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis occurs.
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How do enzymes affect activation energy?
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Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction, making it proceed faster.
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What are substrates in enzyme activity?
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Substrates are the reactants that bind to the enzyme's active site and are transformed into products.
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What does enzyme specificity mean?
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Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to choose exact substrates from a group of similar chemical molecules.
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What is the role of the enzyme-substrate complex?
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The enzyme-substrate complex forms when an enzyme binds its substrate, allowing the chemical reaction to proceed.
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What conditions can affect enzyme activity?
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Enzyme activity can be affected by factors such as temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.
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Why is the structure of an enzyme important?
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The structure of an enzyme determines its specific function and interaction with substrates.
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What is an enzyme inhibitor?
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An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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What are cofactors and coenzymes in relation to enzymes?
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Cofactors and coenzymes are non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
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What types of molecules are cofactors typically?
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Cofactors can be metals or organic molecules, with coenzymes being a specific type of organic cofactor.
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What is the impact of temperature on enzyme activity?
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Increasing temperature generally increases enzyme activity, but extreme heat can denature enzymes, reducing activity.
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How does pH affect enzyme activity?
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Each enzyme has an optimal pH range; deviations can alter enzyme shape and function, decreasing activity.
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What is competitive inhibition in enzyme activity?
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Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.
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How can enzymes be used in industry?
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Enzymes are used in various industries for processes like food preservation, brewing, and cleaning products.
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