Introduction to Genetic Cloning

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What is genetic cloning?
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Genetic cloning is the process of creating copies of genes or segments of DNA.
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What is a clone in biological terms?
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A clone is an organism or cell that is genetically identical to the original organism or cell.
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Name a common method used for genetic cloning in laboratories.
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Recombinant DNA technology is a common method for genetic cloning.
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What is a plasmid in the context of genetic cloning?
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A plasmid is a small, circular DNA strand in bacteria used as a vector for genetic cloning.
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Who was the first scientist to successfully clone an animal?
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Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell.
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What is therapeutic cloning?
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Therapeutic cloning aims to create tissues or organs for transplantation to treat disease.
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What is reproductive cloning?
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Reproductive cloning creates an organism that is genetically identical to the donor organism.
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Why is the enzyme reverse transcriptase important in cloning?
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Reverse transcriptase transcribes RNA into DNA, which is useful in cloning eukaryotic genes.
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What role does the enzyme ligase play in genetic cloning?
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Ligase is used to join DNA fragments together, completing the insertion of foreign DNA.
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What is the significance of the Human Genome Project to genetic cloning?
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The Human Genome Project mapped all human genes and helped advance techniques in genetic cloning.
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What ethical concerns are associated with genetic cloning?
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Ethical concerns include the potential for misuse, identity issues, and impacts on biodiversity.
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What is DNA sequencing and why is it important to cloning?
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DNA sequencing determines the order of bases in DNA, crucial for understanding and replicating genes.
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How can cloning be used in medicine?
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Cloning can lead to advances in gene therapy and the production of genetically identical organisms for study.
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What is gene cloning's potential role in agriculture?
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Gene cloning can produce crops with desirable traits like pest resistance and higher yields.
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Why might cloning not always produce a perfect copy?
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Environmental factors and epigenetic changes can influence the development of clones, affecting their traits.
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