Laws of Thermodynamics

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What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?
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The Zeroth Law states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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What is the First Law of Thermodynamics also known as?
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The First Law of Thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Energy Conservation.
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State the First Law of Thermodynamics in equation form.
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ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is change in internal energy, Q is heat added to the system, and W is work done by the system.
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What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
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The Second Law states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
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How does the Second Law of Thermodynamics affect energy efficiency?
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It implies all real-world energy processes are inefficient due to unavoidable entropy increase.
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What is the concept of entropy?
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Entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder in a system.
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State the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
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As the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero.
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In what field of science are the thermodynamic laws most applicable?
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Thermodynamic laws are most applicable in Physics.
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What does thermal equilibrium mean?
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Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in contact no longer exchange heat energy.
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Give an example of the First Law of Thermodynamics in action.
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Energy conversion in a car engine, where chemical energy in fuel becomes mechanical energy.
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How does entropy relate to the direction of time?
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Entropy's increase gives time its arrow, suggesting why time progresses forward but not backward.
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What is an isolated system in thermodynamics?
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An isolated system doesn't exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.
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How does the concept of work relate to thermodynamics?
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In thermodynamics, work is energy transferred by mechanical means, like moving a piston.
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Can entropy decrease in any system?
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Entropy can locally decrease but must increase elsewhere, raising total system entropy.
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What does it mean to reach thermal equilibrium?
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Achieving thermal equilibrium means no heat exchange, indicating equal temperatures.
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