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What was the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 and its outcome?
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The Berlin Conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa by establishing rules and dividing the continent among European powers. It led to the ‘formal’ start of the Scramble for Africa.
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How did King Leopold II of Belgium impact the Congo region during the Scramble for Africa?
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King Leopold II established the Congo Free State as his personal possession, exploiting its resources and people with harsh methods that resulted in millions of deaths.
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What was the significance of the Fashoda Incident?
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The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic conflict between France and Britain in Sudan, which nearly led to war. It concluded with France recognizing British control over Egypt and Sudan, demonstrating the tension among European powers in Africa.
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How did the Zulu Kingdom resist colonization efforts during the Scramble for Africa?
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The Zulu Kingdom, under King Cetshwayo, engaged in military resistance against British forces, notably fighting the British at the Battle of Isandlwana in 1879, which the Zulus initially won.
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What role did the Boer Wars play in the context of the Scramble for Africa?
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The Boer Wars (1880-1881 and 1899-1902) involved the British and the descendants of Dutch settlers in South Africa (Boers) over control of territory and resources, leading to British dominance in the region.
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