Mechanical Clocks and Medieval Innovations

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When did mechanical clocks begin to appear in Europe?
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In the 14th century.
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What was the main advantage of mechanical clocks over earlier timekeeping devices?
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They provided a more accurate and standardized measure of time.
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Where were the first mechanical clocks commonly installed?
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In church towers and monasteries.
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What innovation did the verge escapement bring to clock design?
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It controlled the descent of weights, allowing for regular time intervals.
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How did the invention of the pendulum clock improve time accuracy?
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It reduced timekeeping errors to less than a minute a day.
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Who invented the first spring-powered clock?
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Peter Henlein.
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What was the significance of the clock face design during the Renaissance?
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It introduced the concept of hour and minute hands.
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How did the increase in clock use in the 15th century affect society?
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It improved coordination in trade, work schedules, and public life.
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What role did the Islamic world play in the development of timekeeping?
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Muslim scientists and engineers made advances in astronomical and mechanical clocks.
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How did mechanical clocks change religious practices in Europe?
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They enabled more precise timing of prayers and religious events.
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What was an 'astrarium' and who built one of the earliest versions?
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A complex astronomical clock, built by Giovanni de Dondi.
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Why were clock towers important landmarks in medieval towns?
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They served as public time indicators and symbols of city wealth.
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How did the concept of 'clock time' influence labor during the Industrial Revolution?
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It prompted a shift to structured work hours instead of sun-driven schedules.
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What did clocks symbolize in medieval European society?
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Order, power, and technological advancement.
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How did the development of clocks affect navigation?
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Accurate timekeeping was crucial for determining longitude at sea.
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