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What are the phases of the bacterial growth curve?
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The phases are lag phase, log (exponential) phase, stationary phase, and death phase.
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What are autoclaves used for in microbiology?
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Autoclaves are used for sterilizing equipment and materials by using high-pressure saturated steam.
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How do disinfectants work?
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Disinfectants work by killing or inactivating microorganisms on surfaces to prevent infection.
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What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection?
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Sterilization is the complete elimination of all microorganisms and their spores, while disinfection reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level.
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What is an antiseptic?
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An antiseptic is a substance used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on living tissue.
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What factors can influence microbial growth?
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Factors include temperature, pH, oxygen availability, and nutrient concentration.
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What is pasteurization?
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Pasteurization is the process of heating food and liquids to destroy harmful microorganisms without altering the product's quality.
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How do antibiotics target bacterial cells?
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Antibiotics target bacterial cells by interfering with processes such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or DNA replication.
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What is antibiotic resistance?
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Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics.
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What is a culture medium?
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A culture medium is a nutrient solution used to grow microorganisms in a laboratory setting.
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What is a colony-forming unit (CFU)?
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A colony-forming unit is a measure used to estimate the number of viable bacterial or fungal cells in a sample.
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What is the purpose of a streak plate method?
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The streak plate method is used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism.
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What is fungicide?
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A fungicide is a chemical compound used to kill or inhibit the growth of fungi.
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What is quorum sensing?
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Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria communicate using chemical signals to coordinate group behavior.
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Why is it important to complete an antibiotic course?
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Completing an antibiotic course ensures the full elimination of the infection and helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
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