Modern Molecular Genetic Methods in Human Heredity

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What is the primary goal of molecular genetic methods in human heredity studies?
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To understand the genetic basis of traits and diseases, and how they are inherited and expressed in humans.
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What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and why is it important?
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PCR is a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making it essential for analyzing genetic material.
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How does CRISPR-Cas9 technology contribute to genetic studies?
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CRISPR-Cas9 allows for precise editing of DNA, facilitating advancements in gene therapy and genetic research.
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What is the significance of genome sequencing in understanding heredity?
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Genome sequencing helps identify genetic variations linked to inherited traits and diseases.
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What role does bioinformatics play in molecular genetics?
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Bioinformatics analyzes and interprets complex genetic data, aiding in understanding hereditary patterns.
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Define single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their use.
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SNPs are variations at a single position in DNA, used to study genetic predispositions to diseases.
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Why is fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) used in genetic research?
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FISH is used for detecting and locating specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, helpful in diagnosing genetic disorders.
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Explain the concept of gene expression profiling.
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Gene expression profiling measures the activity of thousands of genes to understand cellular functions and disease mechanisms.
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What is the purpose of using microarrays in genetics?
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Microarrays are used to study numerous genes simultaneously, helping in identifying gene expression patterns related to diseases.
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Describe the role of epigenetics in heredity.
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Epigenetics studies changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in underlying DNA sequence.
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How do genetic linkage studies help in understanding heredity?
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They determine which genes are located close to each other on a chromosome, indicating inherited traits.
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What is the function of a genetic counselor?
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A genetic counselor provides information and support to individuals about genetic conditions and inheritance patterns.
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What technological advancements have improved genetic testing accuracy?
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Next-generation sequencing and improved bioinformatics tools enhance the precision of genetic testing.
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What is genetic drift and its impact on hereditary traits?
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Genetic drift is a change in the frequency of a gene variant due to random sampling, affecting population genetics.
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How does the study of mitochondrial DNA aid in understanding human ancestry?
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Mitochondrial DNA, inherited maternally, helps trace lineage and evolution, providing insights into human ancestry.
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