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What is wave-particle duality?
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Wave-particle duality is the concept that particles such as electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
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Explain what is meant by the term 'quantum mechanics'.
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Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and light on the atomic and subatomic scale.
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What is Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle?
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Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a particle.
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Define the term 'photon' in the context of light.
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A photon is a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy proportional to its frequency.
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What does E=mc^2 represent?
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E=mc^2, formulated by Einstein, represents the equivalence of energy (E) and mass (m), with c^2 being the speed of light squared, highlighting that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa.
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What is a black hole and how is it formed?
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A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. It is formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity at the end of its life cycle.
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What is Schrödinger's cat thought experiment?
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Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment that illustrates the concept of superposition in quantum mechanics where a cat in a closed box is simultaneously alive and dead until it is observed.
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Explain what is meant by the term 'nuclear fission'.
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Nuclear fission is the process by which a nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, along with the release of energy.
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What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that no two fermions (e.g., electrons) can occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.
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Describe the concept of a quantum leap.
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A quantum leap is the sudden change of an electron within an atom from one energy level to another.
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What is antimatter?
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Antimatter is composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charge.
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Define special relativity in simple terms.
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Special relativity is a theory by Einstein that addresses the relationship between space and time and is based on two postulates: the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames, and the speed of light is constant in a vacuum for all observers.
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What is superconductivity?
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Superconductivity is a phenomenon where a material demonstrates zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields at certain low temperatures.
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Explain the concept of dark energy.
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Dark energy is the mysterious force that is causing the acceleration of the universe's expansion, making up about 68% of the universe.
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What is the significance of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?
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The LHC is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, used to test predictions of different theories of particle physics, including understanding the Higgs boson and other fundamental particles.
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