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What is morphology in the context of flowering plants?
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Morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms, in this case, the form and structure of flowering plants including their roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
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What are tap roots?
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Tap roots are the main central root from which other side roots emerge. It is characteristic of dicotyledons, such as carrot and radish.
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What is the function of root hairs?
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Root hairs increase the surface area of roots for better absorption of water and nutrients.
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What is a fibrous root system?
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A fibrous root system is a type of root system that consists of many small roots of similar size, and it is typical of monocotyledonous plants like grasses.
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What is an inflorescence?
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Inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complex arrangement of branches.
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Name two types of leaf venation and briefly describe them.
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Parallel venation, where veins run parallel to each other (common in monocots), and reticulate venation, where veins form a network (common in dicots).
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What are modified stems? Give an example.
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Modified stems are stems that have adapted for special functions, such as storage, reproduction, or protection. An example is a potato tuber, which stores nutrients.
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Describe the structure of a typical flower.
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A typical flower has four main parts: sepals, petals, stamens (male reproductive organs), and carpels/pistils (female reproductive organs).
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What is the role of sepals?
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Sepals protect the flower bud before it opens and often support the petals when in bloom.
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What is phyllotaxy?
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Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch of a plant.
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Describe alternate phyllotaxy.
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In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf is attached at each node of the stem, and the pattern alternates as you move up the stem.
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What is the main function of leaves in flowering plants?
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The main function of leaves is to perform photosynthesis, the process by which plants make food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
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What is the difference between a complete and an incomplete flower?
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A complete flower has all four parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. An incomplete flower is missing one or more of these parts.
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What is the significance of modified roots?
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Modified roots serve various functions such as storage (carrots), aerial support (banyan tree), and respiration (mangroves with pneumatophores).
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Define and give an example of a fruit.
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A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower containing seeds. An example is an apple.
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