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What are non-metals?
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Non-metals are elements with no metallic properties, which are found on the right side of the periodic table.
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Name three properties common to most non-metals.
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Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity, have low density, and are brittle in solid form.
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Which non-metal is essential for life and found in the atmosphere?
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Oxygen is essential for life and is found abundantly in the atmosphere.
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Why are non-metals poor conductors of electricity?
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Non-metals are poor conductors because they lack free electrons to carry an electric charge.
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What is the most abundant non-metal in the Earth’s atmosphere?
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Nitrogen is the most abundant non-metal in the Earth’s atmosphere.
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What is carbon's role in biological systems?
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Carbon is a fundamental component of life's organic molecules, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
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Which non-metal is known for its disinfectant properties?
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Chlorine is known for its disinfectant properties, especially in water treatment.
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How does the structure of diamond differ from graphite?
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Diamond has a tetrahedral structure where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbons, while graphite has a planar structure of carbon atoms bonded in layers.
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Name two applications of nitrogen.
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Nitrogen is used in fertilizers and as a refrigerant in its liquid form.
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What is the primary industrial use of sulfur?
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Sulfur is primarily used in the production of sulfuric acid, one of the most important industrial chemicals.
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Which non-metal is commonly associated with acids and bases?
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Sulfur is associated with acids, such as sulfuric acid, while phosphorus is often found in bases and detergents.
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How do non-metals typically react with metals?
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Non-metals typically gain electrons from metals to form ionic bonds.
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What is the role of iodine in the human body?
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Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
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Which non-metal is essential in the synthesis of DNA and RNA?
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Phosphorus is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.
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What is the most reactive non-metal?
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Fluorine is the most reactive non-metal.
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