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What is nuclear chemistry?
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Nuclear chemistry is the study of the chemical and physical properties of radioactive substances, and the changes in matter and energy associated with nuclear reactions.
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What distinguishes nuclear reactions from chemical reactions?
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Nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus and can lead to the formation of different elements, while chemical reactions involve the rearrangements of electrons without altering the nuclei.
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Define radioactivity.
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Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation from an unstable atomic nucleus.
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What is an isotope?
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Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have different numbers of neutrons, and hence different atomic masses, but the same number of protons.
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What are alpha particles?
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Alpha particles are a type of radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons, identical to a helium nucleus, emitted from some radioactive substances.
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What is a beta particle?
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A beta particle is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted during the radioactive decay process of a nucleon.
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What is a gamma ray?
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Gamma rays are high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus during radioactive decay, having no mass nor charge.
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What is nuclear fission?
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Nuclear fission is a reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei, releasing energy.
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Define nuclear fusion.
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Nuclear fusion is a process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
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What is half-life?
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Half-life is the time required for half the quantity of a radioactive substance to undergo decay.
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