Organic Molecules and Their Structures

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What are hydrocarbons?
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Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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What are alkanes?
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Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds, often called paraffins.
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Describe a characteristic of alkenes.
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Alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
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What is the general formula for alkynes?
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The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2.
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How do aromatic hydrocarbons differ from alkanes and alkenes?
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Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a planar ring of atoms that follows Huckel's rule, often involving delocalized electrons.
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What is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?
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Benzene is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon.
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What is a functional group in organic chemistry?
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A functional group is a specific grouping of atoms within molecules that determine their chemical reactions and properties.
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Name a functional group present in alcohols.
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The hydroxyl group (-OH) is present in alcohols.
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What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids?
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Carboxylic acids are characterized by the carboxyl group (-COOH).
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What is an isomer?
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Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
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What is stereoisomerism?
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Stereoisomerism refers to isomers that have the same sequence of bonded atoms, but different 3D orientations.
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Give an example of a compound with stereoisomers.
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Glucose is an example, existing as D-glucose and L-glucose.
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What are polymers made of?
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Polymers are made of long chains of repeating units called monomers.
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What is an application of synthetic polymers?
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Synthetic polymers are used in producing plastic materials such as PVC.
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How does chain length affect polymer properties?
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Longer chain lengths generally increase tensile strength and durability.
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