Periodic Trends: Electron Affinity and Reactivity

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What is electron affinity?
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Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gaseous state.
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What is the trend in electron affinity across a period?
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Electron affinity generally becomes more negative across a period, indicating increased energy release.
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Why does electron affinity become more negative across a period?
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Stronger nuclear attraction as atomic size decreases allows for greater energy release when gaining electrons.
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What is the trend in electron affinity down a group?
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Electron affinity becomes less negative down a group.
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Why does electron affinity become less negative down a group?
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Increased atomic size and electron shielding reduce attraction for additional electrons.
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What is reactivity?
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Reactivity refers to the speed and extent to which a substance undergoes a chemical reaction.
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How does reactivity trend for metals?
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Reactivity of metals increases down a group and decreases across a period.
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How does reactivity trend for non-metals?
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Reactivity of non-metals decreases down a group and increases across a period.
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Why do metals become more reactive as you move down a group?
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As atomic size increases, outer electrons are lost more easily, enhancing reactivity.
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Why do non-metals become more reactive as you move across a period?
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Closer nuclear attraction and higher electronegativity increase reactivity due to electron gain capability.
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What is the significance of high electron affinity in non-metals?
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High electron affinity in non-metals leads to greater tendency to gain electrons, affecting reactivity.
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How does electron affinity relate to ion formation?
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Elements with high electron affinity tend to form anions as they can gain electrons easily.
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What is the most reactive metal on the periodic table?
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Francium is considered the most reactive metal.
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What is the most reactive non-metal on the periodic table?
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Fluorine is considered the most reactive non-metal due to its high electronegativity.
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How does electron affinity affect the stability of anions?
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Higher electron affinity generally leads to more stable anions due to the exothermic nature of electron gain.
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