Periodic Trends: Metallic and Nonmetallic Character

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What is metallic character?
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Metallic character refers to an element's ability to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations).
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How does metallic character change across a period?
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Metallic character decreases across a period from left to right.
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How does metallic character change down a group?
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Metallic character increases down a group.
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What is nonmetallic character?
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Nonmetallic character refers to an element's tendency to gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
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How does nonmetallic character change across a period?
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Nonmetallic character increases across a period from left to right.
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How does nonmetallic character change down a group?
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Nonmetallic character decreases down a group.
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What is the trend for reactivity of metals in the periodic table?
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Reactivity of metals increases down a group and decreases across a period.
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What is the trend for reactivity of nonmetals in the periodic table?
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Reactivity of nonmetals decreases down a group and increases across a period.
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Why do metals lose electrons more easily down a group?
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As atomic radius increases, the outer electrons are less attracted to the nucleus, making electron loss easier.
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What property of nonmetals is associated with their high electronegativity?
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Nonmetals have high electronegativity, meaning they strongly attract electrons in chemical bonds.
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Which element is a liquid nonmetal at room temperature?
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Bromine is a liquid nonmetal at room temperature.
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Which period 3 element has the highest metallic character?
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Sodium has the highest metallic character among period 3 elements.
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Why is fluorine a highly reactive nonmetal?
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Fluorine has high electronegativity and a small atomic radius, allowing it to attract electrons strongly.
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How does alloy formation relate to metallic character?
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Metals, due to their metallic character, can lose electrons to form alloys, mixing with other metals or nonmetals.
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Which group of elements shows the most variation in metallic character?
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The transition metals show a wide range of metallic character due to variable oxidation states.
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