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What are normal salts?
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Normal salts are formed when all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions. They typically do not have any replaceable hydrogen.
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What are acidic salts?
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Acidic salts are formed when not all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced, leaving some replaceable hydrogen ions in the molecule.
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Define basic salts.
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Basic salts are formed when a base is not completely neutralized by an acid and still contains a hydroxyl group.
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Explain the formation of double salts.
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Double salts are crystalline compounds containing two different salts which crystallize together in a fixed proportion, though they are not chemical compounds in water.
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What are complex salts?
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Complex salts contain a central metal ion bonded to a group of molecules or ions, typically forming complex ions.
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Describe the process of preparing soluble salts.
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Soluble salts can be prepared by the reaction of acids with metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates followed by crystallization.
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How can soluble salts be recovered?
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Soluble salts can be recovered from a solution by evaporating the solvent, often followed by crystallization.
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What is crystallization in the context of salts?
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Crystallization is the process of forming solid crystals from a homogeneous solution wherein the solvent is evaporated.
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Define efflorescence.
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Efflorescence is the process where hydrated salts lose water of crystallization when exposed to air, forming a powdery surface.
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What does deliquescence mean?
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Deliquescence is a phenomenon where a substance absorbs moisture from the air and dissolves in it to form a solution.
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Explain the role of hygroscopic substances.
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Hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the air but do not dissolve; they are often used as drying agents.
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What is the function of drying agents?
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Drying agents absorb moisture from the surroundings to maintain dryness for a process or stored products.
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Provide an example of a chemical equation involving a salt.
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An example is: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O. This equation shows the neutralization of a strong base with a strong acid to form a normal salt.
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How do chemical reactions involving salts differ from others?
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Reactions involving salts often involve neutralization and result in the formation of ionic compounds and water.
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What is a calculation example involving salts?
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An example calculation could involve determining the molarity of a salt solution, such as finding molarity when 58.5 g of NaCl is dissolved to make 1 L of solution (1 M NaCl).
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