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What is the 'zone of proximal development' in educational psychology?
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The zone of proximal development is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance.
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Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, and what does it suggest?
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Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is multi-faceted, including abilities like musical, spatial, and interpersonal.
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How does intrinsic motivation affect learning?
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Intrinsic motivation enhances learning by making students more willing to engage in tasks for personal reward, fostering deeper understanding and retention.
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What role do cognitive biases play in learning processes?
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Cognitive biases can distort thinking and perception, influencing decision-making and problem-solving, potentially hindering effective learning.
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How does the 'spacing effect' improve learning?
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The spacing effect suggests that learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out over time, rather than crammed in a short period.
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What is constructivism in the context of learning theories?
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Constructivism is a theory suggesting learners construct knowledge through experiences and reflections, actively engaging in the learning process.
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How is Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning relevant to education?
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Pavlov's classical conditioning is used in education to create positive associations with learning environments and routines.
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What is the impact of fixed versus growth mindsets on student achievement?
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Students with a growth mindset believe abilities can be developed through effort, leading to higher achievement and persistence compared to a fixed mindset.
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What is the 'forgetting curve' and its implications in education?
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The forgetting curve illustrates how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it; it emphasizes the need for review and reinforcement in learning.
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How does scaffolding support learning?
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Scaffolding provides temporary support that helps learners accomplish tasks they cannot complete independently, gradually removed as proficiency increases.
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What is Bloom's Taxonomy, and how is it used in education?
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Bloom's Taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals into levels of complexity, aiding in curriculum development and assessment design.
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What is experiential learning, as defined by Kolb?
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Experiential learning, as defined by Kolb, is a process where learning occurs through experience, forming concepts and applying them in new situations.
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How does social learning theory explain the acquisition of knowledge?
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Social learning theory, proposed by Bandura, asserts that people learn from observing others, imitating behaviors, and noting the consequences of those actions.
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What effect does anxiety have on the learning process?
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Anxiety can negatively affect learning by impairing attention and working memory, reducing the ability to absorb and process information.
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How does the Rosenthal effect impact student performance?
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The Rosenthal effect, or teacher expectancy effect, refers to the phenomenon where higher expectations from teachers lead to improved student performance.
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