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What was the Protestant Reformation?
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The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement in 16th-century Europe that aimed to reform the Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.
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Who was Martin Luther and what was his role in the Reformation?
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Martin Luther was a German monk whose 95 Theses criticized the Catholic Church, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
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What are indulgences, and why did Luther oppose them?
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Indulgences were payments made to the Catholic Church that promised reductions in punishment for sins. Luther opposed them as corrupt.
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Who was John Calvin and what was his theological contribution?
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John Calvin was a French theologian known for his role in the Reformation and his doctrine of predestination.
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What was the Council of Trent?
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The Council of Trent was a series of meetings held by the Catholic Church to address issues raised by the Reformation.
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What role did the printing press play in the Reformation?
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The printing press was crucial in spreading Reformation ideas quickly across Europe.
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What was the Diet of Worms?
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The Diet of Worms was an imperial council where Martin Luther was asked to recant his teachings.
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How did the Reformation impact England?
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The Reformation in England led to the creation of the Church of England, separate from Roman Catholicism.
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What was the Peace of Augsburg?
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The Peace of Augsburg was a 1555 treaty allowing German princes to choose Protestantism or Catholicism for their territories.
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Who was Ulrich Zwingli and what was his role in the Reformation?
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Ulrich Zwingli was a Swiss reformer who led the Reformation in Switzerland.
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What church practice did the Anabaptists oppose?
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Anabaptists opposed infant baptism, advocating for adult baptism instead.
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How did Queen Elizabeth I address religious conflict in England?
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Queen Elizabeth I established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, balancing Catholic and Protestant practices.
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What is the significance of the Edict of Nantes?
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The Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom to Huguenots in France, ending religious wars.
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What role did Ignatius of Loyola play in religious reform?
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Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), who became leading figures in the Counter-Reformation.
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How did the Reformation influence European politics?
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The Reformation altered political alliances and power structures by challenging the influence of the Church over state affairs.
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