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What is specific resistance?
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Specific resistance, also known as resistivity, is a material property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.
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What is the unit of specific resistance in the SI system?
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The unit of specific resistance in the SI system is ohm-meter (Ω·m).
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How is specific resistance related to conductivity?
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Specific resistance is the reciprocal of conductivity, meaning if resistivity increases, conductivity decreases and vice versa.
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What factors affect the specific resistance of a material?
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The specific resistance of a material is affected by temperature, material composition, and impurities.
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What is the formula for calculating specific resistance?
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The formula for specific resistance is ρ = RA/L, where ρ is resistivity, R is resistance, A is cross-sectional area, and L is length.
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Why do metals usually have low specific resistance?
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Metals have low specific resistance due to their free-moving electrons, which facilitate the easy flow of electric current.
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How does specific resistance change with temperature in conductors?
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In conductors, specific resistance generally increases with temperature.
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How does specific resistance change with temperature in semiconductors?
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In semiconductors, specific resistance decreases with increasing temperature.
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What is the difference between specific resistance and resistance?
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Resistance is a property of an object, while specific resistance is a material property per unit length and cross-section.
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Can specific resistance be negative?
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No, specific resistance cannot be negative; it is a positive quantity representing energy dissipation in a material.
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How is specific resistance measured experimentally?
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Specific resistance is measured by determining the resistance of a material sample, then using its dimensions in ρ = RA/L.
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What are the typical specific resistance values for metals?
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Metals typically have specific resistance values on the order of 10^-8 to 10^-6 Ω·m.
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What kind of materials have high specific resistance?
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Insulators such as rubber, glass, and ceramics have high specific resistance, often greater than 10^10 Ω·m.
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Why is specific resistance important in selecting materials for electrical components?
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Specific resistance helps determine the most efficient and practical materials for specific electrical applications, balancing cost, performance, and durability.
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In what type of application would a high specific resistance material be preferred?
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High specific resistance materials are preferred in insulation for cables and electronic devices to prevent accidental electrical flow.
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