States of Matter and Mixtures

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What are the three states of matter?
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Solid, liquid, and gas.
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What is the main characteristic of a solid?
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Particles are closely packed in a fixed position, giving it a definite shape and volume.
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How do particles in a liquid behave?
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They are closely packed but can move past each other, allowing the liquid to flow and take the shape of its container.
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What is a gas?
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A state of matter where particles are well separated with no regular arrangement, allowing it to fill the entire volume of its container.
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What is a mixture?
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A combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties and can be physically separated.
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Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
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A salad, where the different ingredients (lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers) can be seen and separated.
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout, such as salt dissolved in water.
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What method can be used to separate a solid from a liquid in a mixture?
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Filtration.
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Which separation method is based on boiling points?
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Distillation, where components with different boiling points are separated.
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What is sublimation?
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The process where a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state, such as dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas.
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What is meant by the term 'solubility'?
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The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, forming a solution.
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What substance is known as the 'universal solvent'?
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Water, because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
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How can you separate dyes in ink?
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Using chromatography, which separates components based on their movement through a medium.
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What is evaporation in terms of mixtures?
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The process of turning liquid into vapor, which can be used to separate a solvent from a solute.
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Name one factor that affects the rate of dissolving.
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Temperature; increasing temperature generally increases the dissolving rate of solids in liquids.
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