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What is stoichiometry?
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Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that involves calculating the quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
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Why is a balanced equation important in stoichiometry?
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A balanced equation ensures that the same number of atoms of each element are present on both sides, which is crucial for accurate stoichiometric calculations.
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How do you convert moles of a substance to mass?
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To convert moles of a substance to mass, multiply the number of moles by the substance's molar mass (g/mol).
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What is the role of the mole ratio in stoichiometry?
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The mole ratio, derived from a balanced equation, dictates the proportionality of reactants and products.
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How do you calculate the number of moles in a given mass?
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To calculate the number of moles, divide the mass of the substance by its molar mass.
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What is a limiting reactant?
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A limiting reactant is the substance that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of products formed.
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How do you find the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction?
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To find the limiting reactant, calculate the moles of products each reactant can form; the one that forms the least product is the limiting reactant.
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What is theoretical yield?
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Theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants, as calculated from the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants.
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How do you calculate percent yield?
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Percent yield is calculated using the formula: (actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100%.
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What does the term 'stoichiometric coefficients' mean?
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Stoichiometric coefficients are the numbers written in front of compounds in a balanced chemical equation, indicating the ratio of reactants and products.
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How can stoichiometry determine the amount of excess reactant?
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By calculating how much of the excess reactant is consumed according to the limiting reactant, you can subtract that from the initial amount to find the amount left over.
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Why is it important to recognize the states of matter in stoichiometric equations?
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States of matter (solid, liquid, gas) affect reactant availability and product form, influencing stoichiometric calculations.
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How does stoichiometry apply in real-life scenarios?
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Stoichiometry allows chemists and engineers to predict quantities needed to produce desired yields, crucial in industries like pharmaceuticals or agriculture.
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What is the difference between empirical and molecular formulas?
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Empirical formulas represent the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound, while molecular formulas show the exact number of atoms.
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What role does Avogadro's number play in stoichiometry?
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Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) allows conversion between moles and individual molecules or atoms.
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