Thermal Properties of Materials

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What are thermal properties of materials?
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Thermal properties are characteristics of materials that describe their behavior under temperature changes.
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Define thermal expansion.
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Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a material as its temperature increases.
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What is the difference between linear and volumetric thermal expansion?
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Linear thermal expansion refers to change in length, while volumetric thermal expansion refers to change in volume.
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How is the coefficient of thermal expansion defined?
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The coefficient of thermal expansion is a numerical value that represents how much a material expands per degree of temperature increase.
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What is thermal conductivity?
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Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
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Explain thermal diffusivity.
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Thermal diffusivity measures how quickly heat spreads through a material.
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What factors influence thermal expansion of materials?
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Factors include the material’s atomic structure, temperature, and physical state.
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What materials typically have high thermal conductivity?
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Metals like copper and aluminum typically have high thermal conductivity.
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What are some applications that require materials with low thermal expansion?
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Applications include precision instruments, spacecraft, and optical components which require dimensional stability across temperatures.
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Describe the importance of thermal insulation in building materials.
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Thermal insulation maintains a comfortable indoor temperature and increases energy efficiency by reducing heat loss or gain.
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How does temperature affect the electrical resistance of materials?
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In conductors, resistance typically increases with temperature, while in semiconductors, it decreases.
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What is the Seebeck effect?
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The Seebeck effect is the generation of an electrical voltage across a conductor or semiconductor when subjected to a temperature gradient.
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What role does thermal conductivity play in heat exchangers?
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High thermal conductivity allows efficient heat transfer between fluids in a heat exchanger.
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Why are ceramics often used as insulators?
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Ceramics are used because they have low thermal and electrical conductivity.
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What is the purpose of thermal paste in electronics?
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Thermal paste improves the heat transfer between a heat-generating component and a heat sink by filling in air gaps.
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