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What is thermodynamics?
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Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.
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Define the first law of thermodynamics.
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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
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What is internal energy?
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Internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, arising from the kinetic and potential energies of its molecules.
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Explain the concept of thermal equilibrium.
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Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in contact no longer exchange heat, reaching the same temperature.
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
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The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
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Describe entropy in simple terms.
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Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
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What is a heat engine?
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A heat engine is a device that converts heat energy into mechanical work.
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Define isothermal process.
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An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that takes place at constant temperature.
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What is an adiabatic process?
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An adiabatic process is a process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
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Explain the concept of reversible processes.
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Reversible processes are idealized processes that can be reversed without leaving any change in both the system and the surroundings.
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What is the significance of the Carnot cycle?
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The Carnot cycle is a theoretical cycle that represents the most efficient heat engine possible under the laws of thermodynamics.
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What does the zeroth law of thermodynamics state?
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The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
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Define specific heat capacity.
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Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
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What is the thermal conductivity of a material?
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Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat.
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Explain the principle of a refrigerator in terms of thermodynamics.
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A refrigerator works by removing heat from its interior and expelling it to the surrounding environment, effectively moving heat from a cooler space to a warmer one.
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