Flashcards on David Hume's Philosophy

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What is David Hume best known for?

David Hume is best known for his contributions to empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.

What is the difference between impressions and ideas, according to David Hume?

Impressions are the direct sensations we experience, while ideas are memories or imaginings of sensations.

What did David Hume believe about causation?

David Hume believed that causation, or the relationship between cause and effect, is not part of the physical world but is instead a mental construct based on our observation of regularities in nature.

What was David Hume's stance on miracles?

David Hume was skeptical of miracles and argued that they should not be believed unless the evidence for them is overwhelming.

What is the 'problem of induction' in philosophy, and what was David Hume's response to it?

The problem of induction is the difficulty of justifying our belief in the future based on past experience. David Hume's response was to argue that induction is not a rational justification for belief, but rather a habit of the mind based on custom and expectation.

What is the 'is-ought problem' in philosophy, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The is-ought problem is the difficulty of deriving normative conclusions from descriptive premises. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is an unbridgeable gap between what is and what ought to be, and that moral claims cannot be derived from factual claims.

What is the difference between an analytic and a synthetic proposition, according to David Hume?

An analytic proposition is one whose truth is contained within its terms, while a synthetic proposition is one whose truth depends on empirical observation. David Hume argued that all knowledge is ultimately based on synthetic propositions.

What is the 'bundle theory' of the self, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The bundle theory of the self is the idea that there is no such thing as a self or ego, but rather only a collection of sense impressions and ideas. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is no enduring self that persists through time, but rather only a succession of transient impressions and ideas.

What was David Hume's stance on free will?

David Hume was skeptical of free will and argued that our actions are determined by prior causes and that we have no real control over them.

What was David Hume's stance on personal identity?

David Hume argued that there is no underlying substance or essence to personal identity, but rather only a continuing series of mental states and experiences.

What is the difference between primary and secondary qualities, according to David Hume?

Primary qualities are the objective, measurable properties of objects, while secondary qualities are the subjective, perceived qualities of objects. David Hume argued that secondary qualities are not inherent in objects themselves, but rather are projections of our own perceptions.

What is the 'problem of evil,' and what was David Hume's response to it?

The problem of evil is the difficulty of reconciling the existence of evil and suffering in the world with the existence of an all-powerful and benevolent God. David Hume's response was to argue that the existence of evil provides strong evidence against the existence of such a God.

What was David Hume's views on religion?

David Hume was skeptical of religion and argued that belief in God is not necessary for moral conduct or human happiness.

What is the 'divisibility argument' against the existence of the soul, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The divisibility argument is the idea that the soul, if it exists, must be indivisible, and that since the body is divisible, the soul cannot exist. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is no empirical evidence to support the idea of an indivisible soul, and that all mental activity can be accounted for in terms of physical processes.

What is the 'problem of personal identity,' and what was David Hume's solution to it?

The problem of personal identity is the question of what makes a person the same over time. David Hume's solution was to argue that personal identity is not based on the existence of a substantial self or soul, but rather on a continuity of mental states and experiences.

What is David Hume best known for?

David Hume is best known for his contributions to empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.

What is the difference between impressions and ideas, according to David Hume?

Impressions are the direct sensations we experience, while ideas are memories or imaginings of sensations.

What did David Hume believe about causation?

David Hume believed that causation, or the relationship between cause and effect, is not part of the physical world but is instead a mental construct based on our observation of regularities in nature.

What was David Hume's stance on miracles?

David Hume was skeptical of miracles and argued that they should not be believed unless the evidence for them is overwhelming.

What is the 'problem of induction' in philosophy, and what was David Hume's response to it?

The problem of induction is the difficulty of justifying our belief in the future based on past experience. David Hume's response was to argue that induction is not a rational justification for belief, but rather a habit of the mind based on custom and expectation.

What is the 'is-ought problem' in philosophy, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The is-ought problem is the difficulty of deriving normative conclusions from descriptive premises. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is an unbridgeable gap between what is and what ought to be, and that moral claims cannot be derived from factual claims.

What is the difference between an analytic and a synthetic proposition, according to David Hume?

An analytic proposition is one whose truth is contained within its terms, while a synthetic proposition is one whose truth depends on empirical observation. David Hume argued that all knowledge is ultimately based on synthetic propositions.

What is the 'bundle theory' of the self, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The bundle theory of the self is the idea that there is no such thing as a self or ego, but rather only a collection of sense impressions and ideas. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is no enduring self that persists through time, but rather only a succession of transient impressions and ideas.

What was David Hume's stance on free will?

David Hume was skeptical of free will and argued that our actions are determined by prior causes and that we have no real control over them.

What was David Hume's stance on personal identity?

David Hume argued that there is no underlying substance or essence to personal identity, but rather only a continuing series of mental states and experiences.

What is the difference between primary and secondary qualities, according to David Hume?

Primary qualities are the objective, measurable properties of objects, while secondary qualities are the subjective, perceived qualities of objects. David Hume argued that secondary qualities are not inherent in objects themselves, but rather are projections of our own perceptions.

What is the 'problem of evil,' and what was David Hume's response to it?

The problem of evil is the difficulty of reconciling the existence of evil and suffering in the world with the existence of an all-powerful and benevolent God. David Hume's response was to argue that the existence of evil provides strong evidence against the existence of such a God.

What was David Hume's views on religion?

David Hume was skeptical of religion and argued that belief in God is not necessary for moral conduct or human happiness.

What is the 'divisibility argument' against the existence of the soul, and how did David Hume contribute to its development?

The divisibility argument is the idea that the soul, if it exists, must be indivisible, and that since the body is divisible, the soul cannot exist. David Hume contributed to its development by arguing that there is no empirical evidence to support the idea of an indivisible soul, and that all mental activity can be accounted for in terms of physical processes.

What is the 'problem of personal identity,' and what was David Hume's solution to it?

The problem of personal identity is the question of what makes a person the same over time. David Hume's solution was to argue that personal identity is not based on the existence of a substantial self or soul, but rather on a continuity of mental states and experiences.

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