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Flashcards on DNA Structure and Function
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What is DNA?
DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.
What does DNA stand for?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure, composed of two strands that are twisted around each other.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides.
What are the four bases of DNA?
The four bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?
In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G).
What is the function of DNA?
The main function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information.
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself during cell division.
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
DNA provides the instructions for protein synthesis by coding for specific sequences of amino acids.
What are the two main steps of protein synthesis?
The two main steps of protein synthesis are transcription and translation.
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of copying the DNA sequence into RNA.
What is translation?
Translation is the process of decoding the RNA sequence and assembling amino acids to form a protein.
What is the role of DNA in heredity?
DNA carries the hereditary information from one generation to the next.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic disorders or variations in traits.
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the manipulation of DNA to create new traits in organisms.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is DNA responsible for?
Carrying the genetic instructions for organisms
Making proteins
Creating mutations
Replicating itself
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Which of the following is NOT a base of DNA?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
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What is the structure of DNA?
Single-stranded
Double helix
Triple helix
Linear
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What is the function of DNA replication?
Production of proteins
Repairing DNA mutations
Making identical copies of DNA
Transcription of RNA
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Which base pairs with thymine in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
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What is the purpose of transcription in protein synthesis?
Producing DNA copies
Making RNA copies of DNA
Assembling amino acids
Building proteins
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Which step of protein synthesis involves decoding the RNA sequence?
Translation
Transcription
Translocation
Transposition
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What is the role of DNA in heredity?
Carrying the hereditary information
Producing mutations
Creating new traits
Regulating gene expression
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What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
A process of DNA replication
An error in protein synthesis
A transfer of genetic material
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What is genetic engineering?
The study of DNA structure
Manipulation of DNA to create new traits
The process of DNA replication
The development of genetic disorders
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