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Flashcards on DNA Structure and Function
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What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a double helix made up of nucleotides.
What are the four nitrogenous bases present in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
What is the function of DNA?
DNA carries genetic information and codes for proteins.
What is the complementary base pairing in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.
What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?
RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to produce proteins.
What is the function of DNA helicase?
DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.
What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?
DNA sequencing is used to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
What is the significance of DNA mutations?
DNA mutations can lead to genetic variation and diseases.
What is the function of DNA ligase?
DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
The central dogma states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
What is the function of DNA gyrase?
DNA gyrase relieves the strain on the DNA molecule during replication.
What is the significance of DNA fingerprinting?
DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science and paternity testing to identify individuals.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which nitrogenous base pairs with Thymine in DNA?
Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Uracil
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What is the function of DNA?
Regulates cell metabolism
Produces ATP
Carries genetic information
Transports oxygen
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Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
DNA polymerase
DNA helicase
DNA ligase
DNA gyrase
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What is the purpose of DNA sequencing?
Determining protein structure
Determining nucleotide order
Creating DNA mutations
Replicating DNA
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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes
Transcribes DNA into RNA
Catalyzes chemical reactions
Repairs DNA
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What is the function of DNA ligase?
Unwinds the DNA double helix
Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
Joins Okazaki fragments
Relieves strain on the DNA molecule
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What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA is transcribed into tRNA
DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into proteins
RNA is transcribed into DNA
Proteins are transcribed into DNA
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Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
All of the above
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA has ribose sugar, while RNA has deoxyribose sugar
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded
DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine
DNA is found in the nucleus, while RNA is found in the cytoplasm
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What is the significance of DNA fingerprinting?
Determining genetic disorders
Identifying individuals in forensic science and paternity testing
Creating genetically modified organisms
Developing new drugs
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