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Flashcards on Enzymes and Metabolism
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What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
By lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
What is an active site in an enzyme?
The region where substrates bind and the chemical reaction takes place.
What happens to enzymes after a chemical reaction?
They can be reused as they are not consumed in the reaction.
What factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, substrate concentration.
What is the optimum pH for most enzymes in the human body?
Around pH 7 (neutral)
What is denaturation of an enzyme?
A process where an enzyme loses its shape and function due to extreme temperature or pH.
What is an inhibitor?
A substance that decreases or stops the activity of an enzyme.
What are the two types of inhibitors?
Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors.
Which type of inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site?
Competitive inhibitor.
Which type of inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme, causing a change in its shape?
Non-competitive inhibitor.
What is feedback inhibition?
A process where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway.
What is an allosteric enzyme?
An enzyme with multiple binding sites, including the active site and regulatory site(s).
What is a metabolic pathway?
A series of interconnected chemical reactions that convert a starting molecule into an end product.
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Test Your Knowledge
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
Molecules involved in DNA replication.
Proteins responsible for muscle contraction.
Carbohydrates found in plants.
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What is denaturation of an enzyme?
A process where an enzyme combines with a substrate.
A process where an enzyme loses its shape and function due to extreme temperature or pH.
A process where an enzyme creates ATP.
A process where an enzyme binds to an inhibitor.
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Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Time of day
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What happens to enzymes after a chemical reaction?
They can be reused as they are not consumed in the reaction.
They are converted into substrates.
They become non-functional.
They are excreted from the body.
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What is an inhibitor?
A substance that decreases or stops the activity of an enzyme.
A substance that enhances the activity of an enzyme.
A substance that is produced by enzymes.
A substance that is used as a substrate by enzymes.
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What is metabolism?
The study of fossils.
The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.
The process of energy conversion in power plants.
A measurement of body weight.
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Which type of inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site?
Competitive inhibitor.
Non-competitive inhibitor.
Allosteric inhibitor.
Catalytic inhibitor.
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What is feedback inhibition?
A process where the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway.
A process where enzymes are inhibited by negative feedback.
A process where enzymes become more active over time.
A process where enzymes are activated by positive feedback.
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What is the optimum pH for most enzymes in the human body?
pH 1 (acidic)
pH 7 (neutral)
pH 14 (basic)
pH 4 (slightly acidic)
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What is an active site in an enzyme?
The region where substrates bind and the chemical reaction takes place.
The location where ATP is synthesized.
The structure that determines the enzyme's shape.
The outer surface of the enzyme.
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