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Flashcards on Genetics and Alleles
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What is genetics?
The study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
What are alleles?
Alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What is heredity?
The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
What is dominant inheritance?
When an allele expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele.
What is recessive inheritance?
When the phenotype is only expressed if two copies of the recessive allele are present.
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The observable traits of an organism determined by the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
What is a Punnett square used for?
To predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on the parents' genotypes.
What is a homozygous genotype?
When an individual has two identical alleles for a given gene.
What is a heterozygous genotype?
When an individual has two different alleles for a given gene.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A genetic cross involving individuals that differ in only one trait.
What is a dihybrid cross?
A genetic cross involving individuals that differ in two traits.
What is co-dominance?
When both alleles for a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.
What is incomplete dominance?
When the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the homozygous phenotypes.
What is a pedigree?
A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes in a particular family.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is the study of genes and heredity called?
Physics
Chemistry
Genetics
Geography
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What are alternative forms of a gene called?
Atoms
Chemicals
Alleles
Chromosomes
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What is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics from one generation to another called?
Isolation
Adaptation
Heredity
Mutation
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What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
Phenotype
Environment
Genotype
Mutation
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When does a recessive allele express its phenotype?
Always
Never
Sometimes
Only in the presence of another recessive allele
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What is a Punnett square used for?
Predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes
Calculating probabilities in gambling
Determining blood types
Studying weather patterns
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What is the term for an individual having two different alleles for a given gene?
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Genotype
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What type of cross involves individuals that differ in only one trait?
Monohybrid cross
Dihybrid cross
Co-dominance
Incomplete dominance
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What is the term for both alleles of a gene being expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual?
Recessive inheritance
Co-dominance
Incomplete dominance
Punnett square
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What is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes in a particular family called?
Pedigree
Genotype
Phenotype
Adaptation
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