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Flashcards on Heat Engines and Efficiency
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What is a heat engine?
A device that converts heat energy into useful work.
What is the efficiency of a heat engine?
The ratio of useful work output to the heat input.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
What is an example of a heat engine?
A car engine.
What is the formula for efficiency?
Efficiency = (Useful work output / Heat input) x 100%
What is the Carnot engine?
An ideal heat engine that has the maximum possible efficiency.
What is waste heat?
The heat energy that is not converted into useful work by a heat engine.
What factors affect the efficiency of a heat engine?
Temperature of the heat source, temperature of the heat sink, and the type of working fluid.
What is an adiabatic process?
A process in which there is no transfer of heat between a system and its surroundings.
What is an isothermal process?
A process in which the temperature of a system remains constant.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.
What is meant by reversible and irreversible processes in thermodynamics?
Reversible processes can be reversed without leaving any trace on the surroundings, while irreversible processes cannot be reversed.
What is a power plant?
A facility where electricity is generated from heat energy.
What is the efficiency of an ideal Carnot engine?
Efficiency = (1 - T_(cold) /T_(hot)) x 100%
What is the Gibbs free energy?
A thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure.
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Test Your Knowledge
What is a heat engine?
A device that converts electrical energy into heat.
A device that converts heat energy into light.
A device that converts heat energy into useful work.
A device that converts mechanical energy into heat.
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What is the efficiency of a heat engine?
The ratio of mechanical work output to the heat input.
The ratio of total work output to the heat input.
The ratio of useful work output to the heat input.
The ratio of electrical work output to the heat input.
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What is an example of a heat engine?
A solar panel.
A light bulb.
A car engine.
A refrigerator.
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What is the formula for efficiency?
Efficiency = (Total work output / Heat input) x 100%
Efficiency = (Mechanical work output / Heat input) x 100%
Efficiency = (Useful work output / Heat input) x 100%
Efficiency = (Electrical work output / Heat input) x 100%
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What is the Carnot engine?
An engine that uses solar energy.
An engine that runs on nuclear energy.
An ideal heat engine that has the maximum possible efficiency.
An engine that converts mechanical energy into heat.
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What factors affect the efficiency of a heat engine?
Temperature of the heat exchanger and the type of cooling fluid.
Pressure of the heat source and the type of working fluid.
Temperature of the heat source, temperature of the heat sink, and the type of working fluid.
Volume of the heat exchanger and the type of cooling fluid.
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What is an adiabatic process?
A process that requires no work.
A process that occurs at a constant temperature.
A process in which there is no transfer of heat between a system and its surroundings.
A process that occurs at a constant pressure.
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What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.
The entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time.
The change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.
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What is meant by reversible and irreversible processes in thermodynamics?
Reversible processes can be reversed without leaving any trace on the surroundings, while irreversible processes cannot be reversed.
Reversible processes occur spontaneously, while irreversible processes require external intervention.
Reversible processes do not result in any increase in entropy, while irreversible processes lead to an increase in entropy.
Reversible processes always have 100% efficiency, while irreversible processes have lower efficiency.
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What is a power plant?
A facility used for water purification.
A facility used for oil exploration.
A facility where electricity is generated from heat energy.
A facility used for nuclear waste disposal.
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What is the Gibbs free energy?
A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system.
A thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure.
A measure of the total energy of a system.
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