What is the definition of heterogeneity in the context of immune cells?
Heterogeneity refers to the diversity and variation in the functions and characteristics of different types of immune cells.
What are the major types of immune cells?
The major types of immune cells are T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.
How do T cells differ from B cells?
T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and can directly destroy infected cells, while B cells produce and secrete antibodies that bind to specific antigens.
What is the role of natural killer cells?
Natural killer cells can identify and destroy abnormal cells, such as virus-infected or cancerous cells, without prior exposure to them.
What is the function of dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells are responsible for presenting antigens to other immune cells and initiating an immune response.
What is the role of macrophages?
Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.
How do neutrophils differ from macrophages?
Neutrophils are short-lived phagocytic cells that respond to acute infections, while macrophages are long-lived and involved in chronic infections and tissue repair.
What are the different subsets of T cells?
The different subsets of T cells include helper T cells, which activate other immune cells, and cytotoxic T cells, which directly destroy infected cells.
What are the different subsets of B cells?
The different subsets of B cells include plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies, and memory B cells, which can quickly respond to future infections by producing specific antibodies.
What is the function of regulatory T cells?
Regulatory T cells help to prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues and can suppress immune responses to harmless substances.
How do naive and memory immune cells differ?
Naive immune cells have not encountered a specific antigen before and are not yet activated, while memory immune cells have previously encountered the antigen and can quickly respond to future infections.
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immune cells?
Innate immune cells respond non-specifically to a broad range of pathogens and are present from birth, while adaptive immune cells respond specifically to particular pathogens and require prior exposure to them.
What are the different functional roles of immune cells?
The different functional roles of immune cells include antigen presentation, antibody production, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and cell-mediated killing.
What is the role of the immune system in fighting infections?
The immune system helps to identify and destroy pathogens that cause infections and also develops immunity to future infections by producing memory immune cells.
How can immunodeficiencies affect the heterogeneity of immune cells?
Immunodeficiencies can lead to decreased diversity and function of immune cells, which can result in increased susceptibility to infections and other diseases.
What is the definition of heterogeneity in the context of immune cells?
Heterogeneity refers to the diversity and variation in the functions and characteristics of different types of immune cells.
What are the major types of immune cells?
The major types of immune cells are T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils.
How do T cells differ from B cells?
T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and can directly destroy infected cells, while B cells produce and secrete antibodies that bind to specific antigens.
What is the role of natural killer cells?
Natural killer cells can identify and destroy abnormal cells, such as virus-infected or cancerous cells, without prior exposure to them.
What is the function of dendritic cells?
Dendritic cells are responsible for presenting antigens to other immune cells and initiating an immune response.
What is the role of macrophages?
Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.
How do neutrophils differ from macrophages?
Neutrophils are short-lived phagocytic cells that respond to acute infections, while macrophages are long-lived and involved in chronic infections and tissue repair.
What are the different subsets of T cells?
The different subsets of T cells include helper T cells, which activate other immune cells, and cytotoxic T cells, which directly destroy infected cells.
What are the different subsets of B cells?
The different subsets of B cells include plasma cells, which produce and secrete antibodies, and memory B cells, which can quickly respond to future infections by producing specific antibodies.
What is the function of regulatory T cells?
Regulatory T cells help to prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues and can suppress immune responses to harmless substances.
How do naive and memory immune cells differ?
Naive immune cells have not encountered a specific antigen before and are not yet activated, while memory immune cells have previously encountered the antigen and can quickly respond to future infections.
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immune cells?
Innate immune cells respond non-specifically to a broad range of pathogens and are present from birth, while adaptive immune cells respond specifically to particular pathogens and require prior exposure to them.
What are the different functional roles of immune cells?
The different functional roles of immune cells include antigen presentation, antibody production, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and cell-mediated killing.
What is the role of the immune system in fighting infections?
The immune system helps to identify and destroy pathogens that cause infections and also develops immunity to future infections by producing memory immune cells.
How can immunodeficiencies affect the heterogeneity of immune cells?
Immunodeficiencies can lead to decreased diversity and function of immune cells, which can result in increased susceptibility to infections and other diseases.