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Flashcards on Hormones and Signal Transduction
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What are hormones?
Chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system.
How do hormones travel within the body?
Through the bloodstream.
What is signal transduction?
The process of converting signals from hormones into cellular responses.
Which molecular pathway is commonly involved in signal transduction?
The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway.
Name a hormone that plays a role in growth and development.
Human growth hormone (HGH).
What is the function of insulin?
To regulate blood sugar levels.
Which gland releases adrenaline?
The adrenal gland.
What happens when a hormone binds to a target cell receptor?
It triggers a cascade of events inside the cell.
How are hormone levels regulated in the body?
Through a complex feedback system involving the endocrine glands.
What is the role of second messengers in signal transduction?
To relay and amplify the hormone signal within the cell.
Which gland produces melatonin?
The pineal gland.
What is the fight-or-flight response?
The body's physiological reaction to a perceived threat or danger, regulated by hormones.
Name a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
Melatonin.
How do hormones affect gene expression?
By binding to specific receptors and influencing transcription.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?
It controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
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Test Your Knowledge
Which gland releases adrenaline?
Pancreas
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
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What is the function of insulin?
Regulates body temperature
Regulates blood sugar levels
Promotes bone growth
Stimulates muscle contraction
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What is the role of second messengers in signal transduction?
Transport hormones to target cells
Relay and amplify hormone signals within cells
Regulate hormone release from glands
Convert hormone signals into electrical impulses
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What happens when a hormone binds to a target cell receptor?
The hormone is destroyed by the cell
A cascade of events is triggered inside the cell
The cell becomes resistant to other hormones
The cell goes into a dormant state
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Which molecular pathway is commonly involved in signal transduction?
Protein synthesis pathway
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway
Glycolysis pathway
Fatty acid metabolism pathway
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How do hormones travel within the body?
Through the nervous system
Through the bloodstream
Through the lymphatic system
Through the digestive system
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What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?
Regulates body temperature
Produces hormones for growth
Controls hormone release from adrenal glands
Controls hormone release from pituitary gland
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Which gland produces melatonin?
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Check Answers
What is the fight-or-flight response?
The body's physiological reaction to a perceived threat or danger, regulated by hormones
The process of converting signals from hormones into cellular responses
The relay and amplification of hormone signals within cells
The regulation of hormone levels in the body
Check Answers
How are hormone levels regulated in the body?
Through electrical impulses
Through a complex feedback system involving the endocrine glands
Through the uptake of nutrients
Through the immune system
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