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Flashcards on Industrialization: Urbanization and Labor
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What is industrialization?
The process of developing industries in a country or region.
Why did industrialization lead to urbanization?
The growth of industries created job opportunities in cities, attracting people from rural areas.
What were some negative effects of urbanization during industrialization?
Overcrowded cities, poor living conditions, pollution, and social problems.
What is labor?
Work, especially physical work done for wages.
Why did factory owners prefer hiring children as laborers?
Children were paid less and could be easily controlled.
What is the significance of the labor movement during industrialization?
Workers fought for better working conditions, fair wages, and workers' rights.
What is a trade union?
An organization that represents workers in a specific industry or occupation.
What is the purpose of collective bargaining?
Negotiating work conditions and terms between employers and employees through their representatives.
What is the role of women in the labor force during industrialization?
Women worked in factories and mills, often in low-paying jobs.
What is the concept of division of labor?
The breakdown of a complex task into smaller, more manageable tasks performed by different workers.
What was the purpose of labor unions during industrialization?
To protect and advance the interests of workers in terms of wages, working conditions, and job security.
How did the rise of industrialization impact the working class?
While it offered new job opportunities, it also led to long working hours, unsafe conditions, and exploitation of labor.
What is urbanization?
The process of population growth and the migration of people from rural areas to cities.
What is the meaning of the term 'factory system'?
A system of manufacturing goods in a factory using machinery and a large workforce.
What were some positive effects of industrialization on urban areas?
Increased job opportunities, improved transportation, technological advancements, and urban development.
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Test Your Knowledge
Industrialization is the process of:
Developing agriculture in rural areas
Reducing population growth
Developing industries in a country or region
Creating social equality
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What led to urbanization during industrialization?
Increased agricultural productivity
Job opportunities in cities
Improved healthcare in rural areas
Government incentives for rural living
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What were some negative effects of urbanization during industrialization?
Overcrowded cities
Decreased job opportunities
Improved living conditions
Pollution
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What is the purpose of a trade union?
Representing employers in labor disputes
Representing workers in a specific industry
Promoting international trade
Providing financial aid to unemployed individuals
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Why did factory owners prefer hiring child laborers?
Children were paid less
Children were more skilled
Children were stronger
Children were easier to train
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The labor movement during industrialization fought for:
Better working conditions
Higher taxes for workers
Privatization of industries
Lower wages
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What is the role of women in the labor force during industrialization?
Working in factories and mills
Managing household chores
Serving as politicians
Leading labor unions
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What is the concept of division of labor?
Breaking a complex task into smaller tasks performed by different workers
Sharing work equally among all employees
Rotating jobs within a workforce
Automating tasks using machines
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What is the purpose of collective bargaining?
Negotiating work conditions between employers and employees
Determining profit-sharing among workers
Promoting competition among labor unions
Advocating for government ownership of industries
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How did industrialization impact the working class?
Offered new job opportunities but also led to long working hours and unsafe conditions
Provided equal job opportunities and benefits for all workers
Reduced the need for human labor in industries
Improved working conditions for all employees
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